assembler

Assembler

Registers

Registers are specified with 'r' + index (ie. r0, r1, r16, r31).

Nicknames

In addition to being specified with 'r' + index, the special purpose registers can also be specified by their nickname;

• rZero - r0 - Zero Register
• rOne - r1 - One Register
• rCID - r2 - Core Identifier Register
• rXID - r3 - Context Identifier Register
• rIVT - r4 - Interrupt Vector Table Register
• rPID - r5 - Process Identifier Register
• rPC - r6 - Program Counter Register
• rPS - r7 - Program Start Register
• rPL - r8 - Program Limit Register
• rSP - r9 - Stack Pointer Register
• rSS - r10 - Stack Start Register
• rSL - r11 - Stack Limit Register
• rDS - r12 - Data Start Register
• rDL - r13 - Data Limit Register

Instructions

Bitwise

All bitwise instructions take three registers; source register 1, source register 2, and destination register. 'not' is the exception, which only takes two registers; source register, and destination register.

Not

not r16 r18

And

and r16 r17 r18

Or

or r16 r17 r18

Xor

xor r16 r17 r18

Left Shift

leftshift r16 r17 r18

Right Shift

rightshift r16 r17 r18

Arithmetic

All arithmetic instructions take three registers; source register 1, source register 2, and destination register.

Add

add r16 r17 r18

Subtract

subtract r16 r17 r18

Multiply

multiply r16 r17 r18

Divide

divide r16 r17 r18

Modulo

modulo r16 r17 r18

Control Flow

Conditional Jump

The four conditional jumps are based on two conditions; 'equal to zero', and 'less than zero'.

jez r16 #Label
jnz r16 #Label
jle r16 #Label
jlz r16 #Label

Call

call r31

Return

return

Data Movement

Load Constant

Load Constant puts the given value into the specified destination register.

loadc 93 r16                // Decimal Literal
loadc 0xF8 r16              // Hexadecimal Literal
loadc 0b10 r16              // Binary Literal
loadc FOOBAR r16            // Constant Value
loadc #Label r16            // Label Address

Load

Load reads the value at the given address plus offset into the specified destination register.

load r16 93 r17              // Decimal Literal Offset
load r16 0xF8 r17            // Hexadecimal Literal Offset
load r16 0b10 r17            // Binary Literal Offset
load r16 FOOBAR r17          // Constant Value Offset
load r16 #Label r17          // Label Address Offset

Store

Store writes the value at the given address plus offset from the specified source register.

store r16 93 r17             // Decimal Literal Offset
store r16 0xF8 r17           // Hexadecimal Literal Offset
store r16 0b10 r17           // Binary Literal Offset
store r16 FOOBAR r17         // Constant Value Offset
store r16 #Label r17         // Label Address Offset

Clear

Clear invalidates the value in the cache at the given address plus offset.

clear r16 93                 // Decimal Literal Offset
clear r16 0xF8               // Hexadecimal Literal Offset
clear r16 0b10               // Binary Literal Offset
clear r16 FOOBAR             // Constant Value Offset
clear r16 #Label             // Label Address Offset

Flush

Flush writes the value in the cache at the given address plus offset back to main memory.

flush r16 93                 // Decimal Literal Offset
flush r16 0xF8               // Hexadecimal Literal Offset
flush r16 0b10               // Binary Literal Offset
flush r16 FOOBAR             // Constant Value Offset
flush r16 #Label             // Label Address Offset

Push

Push writes the set of general purpose registers to the stack.

Registers must be specified in ascending order.

push r16,r17,r18,r19

Pop

Pop read the set of general purpose registers from the stack.

Registers must be specified in decending order.

pop r19,r18,r17,r16

Special

Halt

halt

Noop

noop

Sleep

sleep

Signal

signal r16

Lock

lock

Unlock

unlock

Interrupt

interrupt 93                // Decimal Literal
interrupt 0xF8              // Hexadecimal Literal
interrupt 0b10              // Binary Literal

Uninterrupt

uninterrupt

Sugar

Sugar are statements supported by the assembler which aren't supported by the underlying architecture, instead the desired operation is achieved by another instruction.

Copy

Sometimes called Move (weirdly). Copy duplicates the data in the source register in the destination register - eg 'copy rS rD'. Achieved by adding zero to the source register and storing the result in the destination register - eg 'add r0 rS rD'.

Unconditional Jump

Unconditional jumps redirect program flow to the specified offset - eg 'jump #label'. Achieved by conditionally jumping if the zero register is zero, which should always be true unless something terrible has gone wrong - eg 'jez r0 #label'.

Constants

Constants associate an uppercase name with a value.

FOOBAR 93                   // Decimal Literal
FOOBAR 0xF8                 // Hexadecimal Literal
FOOBAR 0b10                 // Binary Literal

Data

Data defines a memory location associated either with a value, or a label address.

data 93                     // Decimal Literal
data 0xF8                   // Hexadecimal Literal
data 0b10                   // Binary Literal

data #Label                 // Label Address Literal

Allocate

Allocate inserts the given number of data statements into the output - eg 'allocate 10' is equivalent to writting 'data 0' 10 times.

Align

Align is used to produce a variable amount of padding such that the next statement is given the specified address - eg 'align 0x200' will ensure the next statement has address 0x200 (512).